Back معاهدة قارص Arabic Qars müqaviləsi Azerbaijani پەیمانی قەرس CKB Karská smlouva Czech Kars-traktaten Danish Vertrag von Kars German Συνθήκη του Καρς Greek Traktato de Kars Esperanto Tratado de Kars Spanish عهدنامه قارص Persian

Treaty of Kars

Treaty of Kars
Treaty of Kars
Turkish gains (dark red) in the Treaty of Kars (1921)
TypePeace Treaty
Signed13 October 1921[1]
LocationKars, Turkey
ConditionRatification
Signatories
LanguagesRussian, French[2]

The Treaty of Kars[a] was a treaty that established the borders between Turkey and the three Transcaucasian Soviet republics, which are now the independent republics of Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan.[3][4] The treaty was signed in the city of Kars on 13 October 1921.[1][2]

Signatories of the Treaty of Kars included representatives from the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, which would declare the Republic of Turkey in 1923, and from the Armenian, Azerbaijani and Georgian Socialist Soviet Republics with the participation of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. The last four parties would become constituent parts of the Soviet Union after the victory of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War and the December 1922 Union Treaty.[1][2]

The treaty was the successor treaty to the March 1921 Treaty of Moscow. Most of the territories ceded to Turkey in the treaty had previously been acquired by Imperial Russia from the Ottoman Empire during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878.[5] The only exception was the Surmali region, which had been part of the Erivan Khanate of Iran before it was annexed by Russia in the Treaty of Turkmenchay after the Russo-Persian War of 1826–28.[6]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h (in Russian) Договор о дружбе между Армянской ССР, Азербайджанской ССР и Грузинской ССР, с одной стороны, и Турцией – с другой, Заключенный при участии РСФСР в Карсе Archived 24 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ a b c English Translation of Treaty of Friendship between Turkey, the Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia, the Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic, and the Socialist Soviet Republic of Georgia Archived 11 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Armenian News Network / Groong.
  3. ^ Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus. Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0300153088.
  4. ^ King, Charles (2008). The Ghost of Freedom: A History of the Caucasus. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-0195177756.
  5. ^ King, p. 153.
  6. ^ Tsutsiev, pp. 14–15.


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